Signs and Symptoms of Prostate Cancer

Signs and Symptoms of Prostate Cancer

 

In most cases, prostate cancer symptoms are not apparent in the early stages of the disease. The symptoms of prostate cancer may be different for each man and any one of these symptoms may be caused by other conditions. As a result, routine screenings in the form of digital rectal exams (DRE) and prostate specific androgen (PSA) tests are important.

The American Cancer Society recommends that men make an informed decision with their doctor about whether to be tested for prostate cancer, beginning at age 50. Men with one or more risk factors for prostate cancer should consult with their physician about whether to start routine screening earlier.

It is not yet known what specifically causes prostate cancer. However, there are several factors that increase the risk of prostate cancer. Some of the risk factors are:

Age: Prostate cancer mainly affects men over the age of 50 and your risk increases with age.

Family history: Men are more likely to get prostate cancer if their father or brother has been diagnosed with it, as compared to people who have no relatives with this cancer.

Ethnicity: Black men are more likely to get prostate cancer than men belonging to other ethnic backgrounds.

Lack of exercise: Lack of physical activity makes you more vulnerable to prostate cancer.

High testosterone levels: Men who use testosterone therapy are more likely to suffer from prostate cancer.

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Poor diet: As with most cancers, a poor diet puts you at a higher risk of prostate cancer. Excess dairy products, a high-calcium diet, intake of processed and red meat, saturated fat, high alcohol intake and high doses of vitamin E supplements are linked to a higher risk of prostate cancer.

Cancer of the prostate is often slow-growing and symptoms may not occur for many years. In fact, during the early stage, prostate cancer may not have any symptoms. The symptoms start only when the cancer is large enough to put pressure on the urethra.

Similarly, if the cancer starts in the outer part of the prostate gland, away from the urethra, there may not be any symptoms.

It’s important to note that an enlarged prostate does not necessarily mean the presence of cancer. As men get older, the prostate gland often enlarges. This condition is known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BPH does not usually develop into cancer, but an enlarged prostate may sometimes contain areas of cancer cells.

Also, tumors or growths in the prostate can give rise to symptoms similar to prostate cancer even if the growths are noncancerous (benign).

By having proper knowledge of the possible symptoms of prostate cancer, it is possible to take action in a timely manner.

Prostate cancer symptoms

Urinary symptoms of prostate cancer
Because of the proximity of the prostate gland in relation to the bladder and urethra, prostate cancer may be accompanied by a variety of urinary symptoms. Depending on the size and location, a tumor may press on and constrict the urethra, inhibiting the flow of urine. Some prostate cancer signs related to urination include:

Burning or pain during urination
Difficulty urinating, or trouble starting and stopping while urinating
More frequent urges to urinate at night
Loss of bladder control
Decreased flow or velocity of urine stream
Blood in urine (hematuria)
Other prostate cancer signs & symptoms

Prostate cancer may spread (metastasize) to nearby tissues or bones. If the cancer spreads to the spine, it may press on the spinal nerves. Other prostate cancer symptoms include:

Blood in semen
Difficulty getting an erection (erectile dysfunction)
Painful ejaculation
Swelling in legs or pelvic area
Numbness or pain in the hips, legs or feet
Bone pain that doesn't go away, or leads to fractures

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